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	What is WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)? In a Mobile Network, several constraints are used to deliver wireless data. For wireless, the handheld devices should be portable, have limited size and weight, which results in reduced memory capacity, less power CPU and reduced user interface. Wireless networks also have limited bandwidth, longer coverage and a degree of reliability. The wireless handheld devices can access Internet applications only if all these constraints are carefully addressed. To address these constraints carefully, In June 1997, the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) forum was founded. The development of this forum was important in wireless industry. WAP forum has developed a set of wireless protocol specifications and offer these protocols to many industry groups. The result is that many mobile operators and handset manufacturers have joined the WAP-enabled devices. Before WAP-enabled devices, wireless data services were not successful. So, to improve wireless data market, WAP is introduced with limited computing and memory capacities, WAP allows a Web browser in handheld devices to access Internet. WAP Architecture WAP architecture consists of three operational units. WAP handset or handheld device WAP Gateway Origin server or Web server The WAP handset or handheld and origin server communicates with each other through Mobile Network. WAP handset received the contents and these contents are encoded in binary format of Wireless Markup Language (WML) for efficient transmission. A WAP Gateway, which is located between Internet/server and mobile/WAP handset, receives these contents and decodes them from binary format to text format. This text format is then forward to origin server. The origin server decides what to retrieve from the text format. The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the server specifies the files and these files are transferred to WAP Gateway through Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The WAP Gateway encodes the HTTP header into WML byte code and then this result is transferred to WAP handset. A Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) filter is also located between origin server and WAP Gateway. It acts like a translator and translates the HTML format into Wireless Markup Language (WML) format, which is used in wireless applications. WAP Models For handset devices WAP defines a user-interface model. In WAP handset devices up and down scroll keys are used for navigation. For menu option selection and context-specific functions Soft Keys are used. Some examples of WAP phone models are following. Nokia 7110 Ericsson R320 Ericsson MC 218 GSM 900/1800 dual-band supports these models as well. These models are equipped with large display, micro browser, Voice memo, full graphics, calendars, contact manager and a complete Chinese interface.   Yesterday Tip. What is GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)?